Bis[2,6-difluoro-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]titanocene is a titanocene-based visible-light photoinitiator that combines two cyclopentadienyl ligands with two fluorinated pyrrolyl-phenyl groups. The compound exhibits strong absorption in the 400–550 nm region, enabling efficient initiation of acrylate, methacrylate and vinyl polymerisations under UV-LED, visible light or even Ar-laser (488 nm) irradiation. It is freely soluble in THF, dichloromethane and acetonitrile, sparingly soluble in ethanol and practically insoluble in water (< 0.1 g L⁻¹ at 25 °C). Commercial material is supplied at ≥99 % purity and should be stored below 5 °C under dry nitrogen to preserve photo-activity.
Key Physicochemical Data:
Melting point: 160–170 °C
Density: 1.43 g cm⁻³ (20 °C)
Flash point: 90 °C (closed cup)
Vapour pressure: < 0.001 Pa at 25–50 °C
Log P (octanol/water): 5.2 (predicted)
Absorption maxima: 400 nm, 470 nm
Typical Uses:
High-performance visible-light initiator for UV-LED curing of inks, wood coatings, optical-fiber coatings and 3-D stereolithography resins .
Photobleachable initiator for thick-section (> 70 µm) and highly pigmented (black/red) formulations without yellowing .
Trigger for holographic recording media and laser-direct-imaging (LDI) photoresists owing to its excellent spectral sensitivity at 488 nm and 532 nm .
Quality Specification (Commercial Grade):
Purity (HPLC): ≥99 %
Water content (KF): ≤0.3 %
Volatiles: ≤0.5 %
Ash: ≤0.1 %
Heavy metals: ≤20 ppm
Hazard Statement:
Causes skin and eye irritation (H315 + H319). Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects (H411). Avoid dust formation; use gloves, goggles and explosion-proof equipment. Store in a cool, dry place away from light, heat and oxidants. SDS available on request.
